Recent research has shown remarkable performance in leveraging multiple extraneous conditional and non-mutually exclusive semantic concepts for sound source separation, allowing the flexibility to extract a given target source based on multiple different queries. In this work, we propose a new optimal condition training (OCT) method for single-channel target source separation, based on greedy parameter updates using the highest performing condition among equivalent conditions associated with a given target source. Our experiments show that the complementary information carried by the diverse semantic concepts significantly helps to disentangle and isolate sources of interest much more efficiently compared to single-conditioned models. Moreover, we propose a variation of OCT with condition refinement, in which an initial conditional vector is adapted to the given mixture and transformed to a more amenable representation for target source extraction. We showcase the effectiveness of OCT on diverse source separation experiments where it improves upon permutation invariant models with oracle assignment and obtains state-of-the-art performance in the more challenging task of text-based source separation, outperforming even dedicated text-only conditioned models.
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我们介绍了Audioscopev2,这是一种最先进的通用音频视频在屏幕上的声音分离系统,该系统能够通过观看野外视频来学习将声音与屏幕上的对象相关联。我们确定了先前关于视听屏幕上的声音分离的几个局限性,包括对时空注意力的粗略分辨率,音频分离模型的收敛性不佳,培训和评估数据的差异有限,以及未能说明贸易。在保存屏幕声音和抑制屏幕外声音之间的关闭。我们为所有这些问题提供解决方案。我们提出的跨模式和自我发场网络体系结构随着时间的推移以精细的分辨率捕获了视听依赖性,我们还提出了有效的可分离变体,这些变体能够扩展到更长的视频而不牺牲太多性能。我们还发现,仅在音频上进行预训练模型可大大改善结果。为了进行培训和评估,我们从大型野外视频数据库(YFCC100M)中收集了新的屏幕上的人类注释。这个新数据集更加多样化和具有挑战性。最后,我们提出了一个校准过程,该过程允许对屏幕重建与屏幕外抑制进行精确调整,从而大大简化了具有不同操作点的模型之间的性能。总体而言,我们的实验结果表明,在屏幕上的分离性能在更一般条件下的屏幕分离性能的改善要比以前具有最小的额外计算复杂性的方法更为普遍。
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In this paper, we work on a sound recognition system that continually incorporates new sound classes. Our main goal is to develop a framework where the model can be updated without relying on labeled data. For this purpose, we propose adopting representation learning, where an encoder is trained using unlabeled data. This learning framework enables the study and implementation of a practically relevant use case where only a small amount of the labels is available in a continual learning context. We also make the empirical observation that a similarity-based representation learning method within this framework is robust to forgetting even if no explicit mechanism against forgetting is employed. We show that this approach obtains similar performance compared to several distillation-based continual learning methods when employed on self-supervised representation learning methods.
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我们提出混音,这是一种简单而有效的自我监督方法,用于训练语音增强,而无需单个孤立的内域语音或噪声波形。我们的方法克服了以前的方法的局限性,这些方法使它们取决于清洁内域目标信号,因此,对火车和测试样品之间的任何域不匹配敏感。混音基于连续的自我训练方案,在该方案中,预先训练的教师模型涉及域外数据渗透者估计的伪靶信号,用于构域混合物。然后,通过将估计的清洁和噪声信号置换并将它们重新混合在一起,我们生成了一组新的自举混合物和相应的假目标,用于训练学生网络。反之亦然,教师使用最新学生模型的更新参数定期完善其估计。多个语音增强数据集和任务的实验结果不仅显示了我们方法比先前方法的优越性,而且还展示了混音可以与任何分离模型结合在一起,还可以应用于任何半监督和无监督的域适应任务。我们的分析与经验证据相结合,阐明了我们的自我训练方案的内部功能,其中学生模型在观察严重降级的伪靶标的情况下不断获得更好的性能。
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Designing powerful adversarial attacks is of paramount importance for the evaluation of $\ell_p$-bounded adversarial defenses. Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) is one of the most effective and conceptually simple algorithms to generate such adversaries. The search space of PGD is dictated by the steepest ascent directions of an objective. Despite the plethora of objective function choices, there is no universally superior option and robustness overestimation may arise from ill-suited objective selection. Driven by this observation, we postulate that the combination of different objectives through a simple loss alternating scheme renders PGD more robust towards design choices. We experimentally verify this assertion on a synthetic-data example and by evaluating our proposed method across 25 different $\ell_{\infty}$-robust models and 3 datasets. The performance improvement is consistent, when compared to the single loss counterparts. In the CIFAR-10 dataset, our strongest adversarial attack outperforms all of the white-box components of AutoAttack (AA) ensemble, as well as the most powerful attacks existing on the literature, achieving state-of-the-art results in the computational budget of our study ($T=100$, no restarts).
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以任务为导向的对话系统通常采用对话状态跟踪器(DST)成功完成对话。最近的最新DST实现依赖于各种服务的模式来改善模型的鲁棒性并处理对新域的零击概括[1],但是这种方法[2,3]通常需要多个大型变压器模型和长时间输入序列以表现良好。我们提出了一个基于多任务BERT的单个模型,该模型共同解决了意图预测的三个DST任务,请求的插槽预测和插槽填充。此外,我们提出了对对话历史和服务模式的高效和简约编码,该编码被证明可以进一步提高性能。对SGD数据集的评估表明,我们的方法的表现优于基线SGP-DST,比最新的方法相比表现良好,同时在计算上的效率更高。进行了广泛的消融研究,以检查我们模型成功的促成因素。
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最近的深度学习文本到语音(TTS)系统通过产生接近人类平价的语音来实现令人印象深刻的表现。但是,他们遭受了训练稳定性问题的困扰以及中间声学代表与输入文本序列的不正确对齐。在这项工作中,我们介绍了tacotron2的常规版本,旨在减轻培训问题并同时产生单调对齐。我们的方法以额外的术语增强了香草tacotron2的目标函数,该术语惩罚了位置敏感的注意机制中的非单调比对。通过正确调整此正规化术语,我们表明损失曲线变得更加顺畅,同时恢复也会在未见的示例中始终产生单调的对准,即使在早期阶段(占时代总数的13%),而其训练过程中,则完全融合的Tacotron2无法做到。此外,我们提出的正则化方法没有额外的计算开销,同时减少了常见的TTS错误,并根据从50个评估者收集的主观平均意见分数(MOS)来减少了较高的言语自然性。
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许多介入外科手术依赖于医学成像来可视化和跟踪仪器。这种成像方法不仅需要实时能力,而且还提供准确且强大的位置信息。在超声应用中,通常只有来自线性阵列的二维数据可用,并且由于以下三维中的精确位置估计是非微不足道的。在这项工作中,我们首先使用现实的合成训练数据训练神经网络,以估计对象与重建的超声图像中的相关轴向像差的平面外偏移。然后将获得的估计与卡尔曼滤波方法组合,该方法利用先前的时间框架中获得的定位估计来改善本地化鲁棒性并降低测量噪声的影响。使用模拟评估所提出的方法的准确性,并在使用新型光学超声成像设置获得的实验数据上证明了其实际适用性。实时提供准确和强大的位置信息。对于模拟数据的平均误差为0.1mm的平均误差,对于实验数据的平均误差为0.1mm的平均误差,轴向和横向坐标估计。三维定位最精确地高于1mm的高距距离,最大距离为25mm孔径为5mm。
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